How Align Technology developed a more seamless, integrated imaging system

The iTero Element 5D Plus imaging system aids in detection of interproximal caries¹ and is optimised for Invisalign treatment workflow². 

Building on the success of the award-winning iTero Element family of scanners and imaging systems, Align Technology has launched yet another innovation in scanning technology.

The iTero Element 5D Plus imaging system, available as of February 2021, offers all of the existing orthodontic and restorative digital capabilities doctors have come to rely on, plus faster processing time³ as well as advanced visualisation capabilities for a seamless scanning experience.

The integrated all-in-one scan enables orthodontic and restorative workflows, and simultaneously records 3D, intra-oral colour, Near Infra-Red Imaging (NIRI) images, and enables comparison over time using iTero TimeLapse technology⁴. The iTero Element 5D Plus imaging system eliminates the need to re-scan or change scanning tips, offering a better patient experience and a more efficient workflow for doctors. 

Furthermore, iTero NIRI technology aids in the detection of interproximal caries above the gingiva without harmful radiation and scans the internal structure of a tooth (enamel & dentin) in real-time⁵. A study published in the Journal of Dentistry confirmed that this technology is 66% more sensitive than bite-wing X-ray (BWX) for proximal lesions detection⁶ and is comparable to BWX in aiding the detection and diagnosis of interproximal caries lesions above the gingiva⁷.

The iTero Element 5D Plus imaging system’s state of the art visualisation allows the doctor to show patients what they see, instead of just telling them. This facilitates more effective chairside communication to educate patients on their oral condition and treatment plan recommendations. 

Another key attribute is the iTero Element 5D Auto-Upload feature, which streamlines the Invisalign case submission workflow by automatically uploading iTero scan images in place of intraoral photos. This eliminates several manual steps from the current workflow saving an estimated 10 minutes per case⁸, allowing doctors to focus on patient engagement. 

Combined, the iTero NIRI technology provides a unique experience for doctors and patients during oral health assessments and the iTero Element 5D Auto-Upload feature offers optimised Invisalign treatment workflow.

The innovative features of the iTero Element 5D Plus imaging system are improving the scanning experience, increasing practice productivity, and driving higher patient treatment acceptance for doctors⁹. It helps doctors offer excellent quality of care to their patients and deliver growth for their practices through continuous innovations in the diagnostic, restorative and orthodontic spaces.

As a result of this significant innovation, Align Technology has been recognised and the iTero Element 5D Plus imaging system has been awarded the Orthodontic Product Innovation of the Year - Singapore during the Healthcare Asia Medtech Awards 2022 .

The awards programme aims to recognise medtech companies that have risen above the hurdles brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, innovating breakthrough products, solutions, and initiatives to better serve their customers whilst remaining steadfast during the crisis.

¹ ᴰᵃᵗᵃ ᵒⁿ ᶠᶦˡᵉ ᵃᵗ ᴬˡᶦᵍⁿ ᵀᵉᶜʰⁿᵒˡᵒᵍʸ, ᵃˢ ᵒᶠ ᴰᵉᶜᵉᵐᵇᵉʳ ⁴, ²⁰¹⁸.
² ᶜᵉʳᵗᵃᶦⁿ ᶠᵉᵃᵗᵘʳᵉˢ ᵈᶦˢᶜᵘˢˢᵉᵈ ᶦⁿ ᵗʰᶦˢ ᵃʳᵗᶦᶜˡᵉ ᵐᵃʸ ᵒⁿˡʸ ᵇᵉ ᵃᵛᵃᶦˡᵃᵇˡᵉ ʷᶦᵗʰ ᵗʰᵉ ᵖᵘʳᶜʰᵃˢᵉ ᵒᶠ ᵃ ˢᵉʳᵛᶦᶜᵉ ᵖˡᵃⁿ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ.
³ ᵀʰᵉ ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ ᴱˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ ᴾˡᵘˢ ˢᵉʳᶦᵉˢ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢᶦⁿᵍ ᵗᶦᵐᵉ ᶦˢ ²⁰% ᶠᵃˢᵗᵉʳ ᶜᵒᵐᵖᵃʳᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ᵖʳᵉᵛᶦᵒᵘˢ ᵍᵉⁿᵉʳᵃᵗᶦᵒⁿ. ᴼⁿ ᵃᵛᵉʳᵃᵍᵉ, ᵇᵃˢᵉᵈ ᵒⁿ ˢᶜᵃⁿ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢᶦⁿᵍ ᵗᶦᵐᵉ ᶜᵒᵐᵖᵃʳᶦˢᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ⁴⁰ ᴵⁿᵛᶦˢᵃˡᶦᵍⁿ ˢᶜᵃⁿˢ ᵃⁿᵈ ⁴⁰ ʳᵉˢᵗᵒʳᵃᵗᶦᵛᵉ ˢᶜᵃⁿˢ ʷᶦᵗʰ ³ ᵖʳᵉᵖ ᵗᵉᵉᵗʰ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢᵉᵈ ᵇʸ ᵗʰᵉ ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ ᴱˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ ²/ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ ᴱˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁵ᴰ ᶜᵒᵐᵖᵘᵗᶦⁿᵍ ᵘⁿᶦᵗˢ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʰᵉ ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ ᴱˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ ᴾˡᵘˢ ˢᵉʳᶦᵉˢ ᶜᵒᵐᵖᵘᵗᶦⁿᵍ ᵘⁿᶦᵗ.
⁴ ᴰᵃᵗᵃ ᵒⁿ ᶠᶦˡᵉ ᵃᵗ ᴬˡᶦᵍⁿ ᵀᵉᶜʰⁿᵒˡᵒᵍʸ, ᵃˢ ᵒᶠ ᴰᵉᶜᵉᵐᵇᵉʳ ⁴, ²⁰¹⁸.
⁵ ᴰᵃᵗᵃ ᵒⁿ ᶠᶦˡᵉ ᵃᵗ ᴬˡᶦᵍⁿ ᵀᵉᶜʰⁿᵒˡᵒᵍʸ, ᵃˢ ᵒᶠ ᴰᵉᶜᵉᵐᵇᵉʳ ⁴, ²⁰¹⁸.
⁶ ᴮᵃˢᵉᵈ ᵒⁿ ᵃ ˢᵘᵇˢᵉᵗ ᵒᶠ ⁵⁹ ᶜᵃˢᵉˢ ʷʰᵉʳᵉ ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ ᴱˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁵ᴰ ᶦᵐᵃᵍᶦⁿᵍ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ʷᵃˢ ᶜᵒᵐᵖᵃʳᵉᵈ ᵃᵍᵃᶦⁿˢᵗ ᵗʰᵉ ᶜˡᶦⁿᶦᶜᵃˡ ᵉᵛᵃˡᵘᵃᵗᶦᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵖᵒˢᵗᵉʳᶦᵒʳ ᵖʳᵒˣᶦᵐᵃˡ ᶜᵃʳᶦᵒᵘˢ ˡᵉˢᶦᵒⁿˢ ᵃᵇᵒᵛᵉ ᵗʰᵉ ᵍᶦⁿᵍᶦᵛᵃ ᵃˢ ᵒᵇˢᵉʳᵛᵉᵈ ᵈᵘʳᶦⁿᵍ ᶜᵃʳᶦᵉˢ ᵈᵉᵇʳᶦᵈᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ, ʳᵉᵖᵒʳᵗᵉᵈ ᵃˢ ᵖᵃʳᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵃ ᵐᵘˡᵗᶦˢᶦᵗᵉ ᶜˡᶦⁿᶦᶜᵃˡ ˢᵗᵘᵈʸ ᶜᵒⁿᵈᵘᶜᵗᵉᵈ ᶦⁿ ʳᵉᵃˡ ʷᵒʳˡᵈ ˢᵉᵗᵗᶦⁿᵍˢ ʷᶦᵗʰ ᵖᵃᵗᶦᵉⁿᵗˢ ᶦⁿ ᶠᶦᵛᵉ ᶜˡᶦⁿᶦᶜˢ ᵃᶜʳᵒˢˢ ᴳᵉʳᵐᵃⁿʸ ᵃⁿᵈ ᶜᵃⁿᵃᵈᵃ ᶜᵒᵐᵖᵃʳᶦⁿᵍ ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ ᴺᴵᴿᴵ ᵗᵉᶜʰⁿᵒˡᵒᵍʸ ⁽ᴺᵉᵃʳ ᴵⁿᶠʳᵃ⁻ʳᵉᵈ ᶦᵐᵃᵍᶦⁿᵍ⁾ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ ᴱˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁵ᴰ ᶦᵐᵃᵍᶦⁿᵍ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ᵗᵒ ᵇᶦᵗᵉ⁻ʷᶦⁿᵍ ˣ⁻ʳᵃʸˢ ⁽ᴮᵂˣ⁾ ⁽ⁿ⁼ ³,⁵⁰² ᵖᵒˢᵗᵉʳᶦᵒʳ ᵖʳᵒˣᶦᵐᵃˡ ᵗᵒᵒᵗʰ ˢᵘʳᶠᵃᶜᵉˢ ᵒᵘᵗ ᵒᶠ ⁵,⁷⁹⁶ ᵖʳᵒˣᶦᵐᵃˡ ˢᵘʳᶠᵃᶜᵉˢ ᶦⁿ ¹⁰² ᵖᵃᵗᶦᵉⁿᵗˢ⁾. ˢᵗᵘᵈʸ ˢᵖᵒⁿˢᵒʳᵉᵈ ᵃⁿᵈ ᶠᶦⁿᵃⁿᶜᵉᵈ ᵇʸ ᴬˡᶦᵍⁿ ᵀᵉᶜʰⁿᵒˡᵒᵍʸ, ᴵⁿᶜ. ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ ᴺᴵᴿᴵ ᵗᵉᶜʰⁿᵒˡᵒᵍʸ ᶦˢ ᵒⁿˡʸ ᵃᵛᵃᶦˡᵃᵇˡᵉ ᵒⁿ ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ ᴱˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁵ᴰ ᵃⁿᵈ ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ ᴱˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁵ᴰ ᴾˡᵘˢ ⁽ᵉˣᶜˡᵘᵈᶦⁿᵍ ᴸᶦᵗᵉ ˢᵒᶠᵗʷᵃʳᵉ ᶜᵒⁿᶠᶦᵍᵘʳᵃᵗᶦᵒⁿ⁾ ᶦᵐᵃᵍᶦⁿᵍ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐˢ. ᴰᵃᵗᵃ ᵒⁿ ᶠᶦˡᵉ ᵃᵗ ᴬˡᶦᵍⁿ ᵀᵉᶜʰⁿᵒˡᵒᵍʸ, ᵃˢ ᵒᶠ ˢᵉᵖᵗᵉᵐᵇᵉʳ ², ²⁰²¹.
⁷ ᴮᵃˢᵉᵈ ᵒⁿ ᵃ ᵐᵘˡᵗᶦˢᶦᵗᵉ ᶜˡᶦⁿᶦᶜᵃˡ ˢᵗᵘᵈʸ ᶜᵒⁿᵈᵘᶜᵗᵉᵈ ᶦⁿ ʳᵉᵃˡ⁻ʷᵒʳˡᵈ ˢᵉᵗᵗᶦⁿᵍˢ ʷᶦᵗʰ ᵖᵃᵗᶦᵉⁿᵗˢ ᶦⁿ ᶠᶦᵛᵉ ᶜˡᶦⁿᶦᶜˢ ᵃᶜʳᵒˢˢ ᴳᵉʳᵐᵃⁿʸ ᵃⁿᵈ ᶜᵃⁿᵃᵈᵃ ᵘˢᶦⁿᵍ ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ ᴺᴵᴿᴵ ᵗᵉᶜʰⁿᵒˡᵒᵍʸ ⁽ᴺᵉᵃʳ ᴵⁿᶠʳᵃ⁻ʳᵉᵈ ᶦᵐᵃᵍᶦⁿᵍ⁾ ⁽ⁿ⁼ ⁵,⁷⁹⁶ ᵖʳᵒˣᶦᵐᵃˡ ᵗᵒᵒᵗʰ ˢᵘʳᶠᵃᶜᵉˢ ʷᶦᵗʰ ³,⁵⁰² ᵖᵒˢᵗᵉʳᶦᵒʳ ᵖʳᵒˣᶦᵐᵃˡ ᵗᵒᵒᵗʰ ˢᵘʳᶠᵃᶜᵉˢ ᶦⁿ ¹⁰² ᵖᵃᵗᶦᵉⁿᵗˢ ⁾ ᵃˢ ᵃ ᵗᵒᵒˡ ᶦⁿ ᵃᶦᵈᶦⁿᵍ ᶦⁿ ᵈᵉᵗᵉᶜᵗᶦᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵈᶦᵃᵍⁿᵒˢᶦˢ ᵒᶠ ᶦⁿᵗᵉʳᵖʳᵒˣᶦᵐᵃˡ ᶜᵃʳᶦᵉˢ ᵃᵇᵒᵛᵉ ᵗʰᵉ ᵍᶦⁿᵍᶦᵛᵃ. ᵀʰᵉ ˡᵃʳᵍᵉˢᵗ ᵃᵐᵒᵘⁿᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵈᵃᵗᵃ ʳᵉᶠᵉʳˢ ᵗᵒ ᵗʰᵉ ⁿᵘᵐᵇᵉʳˢ ᵒᶠ ᵖʳᵒˣᶦᵐᵃˡ ˢᵘʳᶠᵃᶜᵉˢ ᶦⁿᶜˡᵘᵈᵉᵈ ᶦⁿ ⁿᵉᵃʳ ᶦⁿᶠʳᵃ⁻ʳᵉᵈ ᶦᵐᵃᵍᶦⁿᵍ ᵗʳᶦᵃˡˢ. ˢᵗᵘᵈʸ ˢᵖᵒⁿˢᵒʳᵉᵈ ᵃⁿᵈ ᶠᶦⁿᵃⁿᶜᵉᵈ ᵇʸ ᴬˡᶦᵍⁿ ᵀᵉᶜʰⁿᵒˡᵒᵍʸ, ᴵⁿᶜ. ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ ᴺᴵᴿᴵ ᵗᵉᶜʰⁿᵒˡᵒᵍʸ ᶦˢ ᵒⁿˡʸ ᵃᵛᵃᶦˡᵃᵇˡᵉ ᵒⁿ ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ ᴱˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁵ᴰ ᵃⁿᵈ ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ ᴱˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁵ᴰ ᴾˡᵘˢ ⁽ᵉˣᶜˡᵘᵈᶦⁿᵍ ᴸᶦᵗᵉ ˢᵒᶠᵗʷᵃʳᵉ ᶜᵒⁿᶠᶦᵍᵘʳᵃᵗᶦᵒⁿ⁾ ᶦᵐᵃᵍᶦⁿᵍ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐˢ. ᴰᵃᵗᵃ ᵒⁿ ᶠᶦˡᵉ ᵃᵗ ᴬˡᶦᵍⁿ ᵀᵉᶜʰⁿᵒˡᵒᵍʸ, ᵃˢ ᵒᶠ ᶠᵉᵇʳᵘᵃʳʸ ¹⁰, ²⁰²¹.
⁸ ᴮᵃˢᵉᵈ ᵒⁿ ᵃ ˢᵘʳᵛᵉʸ ᶦⁿ ᴬᵘᵍᵘˢᵗ, ²⁰²¹ ᵒᶠ ⁿ ⁼ ³⁹ ᵈᵒᶜᵗᵒʳˢ ʷʰᵒ ᵖᵃʳᵗᶦᶜᶦᵖᵃᵗᵉᵈ ᶦⁿ ᵃ ᵍˡᵒᵇᵃˡ ˡᶦᵐᶦᵗᵉᵈ ᵐᵃʳᵏᵉᵗ ʳᵉˡᵉᵃˢᵉ, ʷᵒʳᵏᶦⁿᵍ ʷᶦᵗʰ ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ ᴱˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁵ᴰ ᶦᵐᵃᵍᶦⁿᵍ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐˢ ᶠᵒʳ ᵃⁿ ᵃᵛᵉʳᵃᵍᵉ ᵖᵉʳᶦᵒᵈ ᵒᶠ ¹.⁵ ᵐᵒⁿᵗʰˢ, ʳᵉᵖʳᵉˢᵉⁿᵗᶦⁿᵍ ᵇᵒᵗʰ ᴳᴾˢ ᵃⁿᵈ ᴼʳᵗʰᵒˢ ᶦⁿ ᴺᴬ, ᴱᵁ, ᴬᴾᴬᶜ, ᵃⁿᵈ ᴸᴬᵀᴬᴹ ʷʰᵒ ʷᵉʳᵉ ᵖʳᵉˢᵉⁿᵗᵉᵈ ʷᶦᵗʰ ᵃ ˡᵉᵛᵉˡ ᵒᶠ ᵃᵍʳᵉᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ ˢᶜᵃˡᵉ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ˢᵗʳᵒⁿᵍˡʸ ᵃᵍʳᵉᵉ ᵗᵒ ˢᵗʳᵒⁿᵍˡʸ ᵈᶦˢᵃᵍʳᵉᵉ ʷᶦᵗʰ ᵗʰᵉ ᶠᵒˡˡᵒʷᶦⁿᵍ ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ: “ ˢᵘᵇᵐᶦᵗᵗᶦⁿᵍ ᴵⁿᵛᶦˢᵃˡᶦᵍⁿ ᶜᵃˢᵉˢ ˡᵉᵛᵉʳᵃᵍᶦⁿᵍ ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ ᴱˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁵ᴰ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ᵃᵘᵗᵒ⁻ᵘᵖˡᵒᵃᵈ ᶠᵘⁿᶜᵗᶦᵒⁿᵃˡᶦᵗʸ ᶦˢ ᶠᵃˢᵗᵉʳ ᵗʰᵃⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ᶜᵒⁿᵛᵉⁿᵗᶦᵒⁿᵃˡ ᴵⁿᵛᶦˢᵃˡᶦᵍⁿ ᶜᵃˢᵉ ˢᵘᵇᵐᶦˢˢᶦᵒⁿ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢ ⁽ᶦⁿᶜˡᵘᵈᶦⁿᵍ ᵐᵃⁿᵘᵃˡ ᶜᵃᵖᵗᵘʳᵉ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵘᵖˡᵒᵃᵈ ᵒᶠ ᶦⁿᵗʳᵃᵒʳᵃˡ ᵖʰᵒᵗᵒᵍʳᵃᵖʰˢ⁾” ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʰᵉⁿ ᵃˢᵏᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ᵉˢᵗᶦᵐᵃᵗᵉ ᵗʰᵉ ᵃᵐᵒᵘⁿᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵗᶦᵐᵉ ˢᵃᵛᵉᵈ ᶦⁿ ᵐᶦⁿᵘᵗᵉˢ ᵖᵉʳ ᶜᵃˢᵉ. ¹⁰ ᵐᶦⁿᵘᵗᵉˢ ʷᵃˢ ᵗʰᵉ ᵐᵉᵈᶦᵃⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵃˡˡ ʳᵉˢᵖᵒⁿˢᵉˢ.
⁹ ᴮᵃˢᵉᵈ ᵒⁿ ᵃ ˢᵘʳᵛᵉʸ ᶦⁿ ᴹᵃʸ ᵒᶠ ²⁰¹⁹ ᵒᶠ ⁿ ⁼ ¹⁵ ᵖʳᵃᶜᵗᶦᵗᶦᵒⁿᵉʳˢ ʷʰᵒ ᵖᵃʳᵗᶦᶜᶦᵖᵃᵗᵉᵈ ᶦⁿ ᵃ ᵍˡᵒᵇᵃˡ ˡᶦᵐᶦᵗᵉᵈ ᵐᵃʳᵏᵉᵗ ʳᵉˡᵉᵃˢᵉ, ʷᵒʳᵏᶦⁿᵍ ʷᶦᵗʰ ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ ᴱˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁵ᴰ ᶠᵒʳ ᵃⁿ ᵃᵛᵉʳᵃᵍᵉ ᵖᵉʳᶦᵒᵈ ᵒᶠ ⁶ ᵐᵒⁿᵗʰˢ, ʳᵉᵖʳᵉˢᵉⁿᵗᶦⁿᵍ ᵇᵒᵗʰ ᴳᴾˢ ᵃⁿᵈ ᴼʳᵗʰᵒˢ ᶦⁿ ᶜᴬᴺ, ᵁᴷ, ᴵᵀ, ᶠᴿ, ᴰᴱ, ᴬᵁ, ᴺᶻ, ᴴᴷ, ʷʰᵒ ʷᵉʳᵉ ᵖʳᵉˢᵉⁿᵗᵉᵈ ʷᶦᵗʰ ᵃ ˡᵉᵛᵉˡ ᵒᶠ ᵃᵍʳᵉᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ ˢᶜᵃˡᵉ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ˢᵗʳᵒⁿᵍˡʸ ᵃᵍʳᵉᵉ ᵗᵒ ˢᵗʳᵒⁿᵍˡʸ ᵈᶦˢᵃᵍʳᵉᵉ ʷᶦᵗʰ ᵗʰᵉ ᶠᵒˡˡᵒʷᶦⁿᵍ ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ: ʷᶦᵗʰ ᵗʰᵉ ᶠᵒˡˡᵒʷᶦⁿᵍ ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗˢ: “ᴵⁿᶜᵒʳᵖᵒʳᵃᵗᶦⁿᵍ ᵗʰᵉ ᶦᵀᵉʳᵒ ᴱˡᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁵ᴰ ˢᶜᵃⁿⁿᵉʳ ᶦⁿᵗᵒ ᵐʸ ᶜᵘʳʳᵉⁿᵗ ᵈᶦᵃᵍⁿᵒˢᵗᶦᶜ ᵖʳᵒᵗᵒᶜᵒˡ,, ᴵ ᵉˣᵖᵉʳᶦᵉⁿᶜᵉᵈ ᵃⁿ ᶦⁿᶜʳᵉᵃˢᵉ ᶦⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ⁿᵘᵐᵇᵉʳ ᵒᶠ ᵃᶜᶜᵉᵖᵗᵉᵈ ᶜᵃʳᶦᵉˢ ᵗʳᵉᵃᵗᵐᵉⁿᵗˢ ᵇʸ ᵐʸ ᵖᵃᵗᶦᵉⁿᵗˢ ᵃᵗ ᵐʸ ᵖʳᵃᶜᵗᶦᶜᵉ”, ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʰᵉⁿ ᵃˢᵏᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ᵉˢᵗᶦᵐᵃᵗᵉ ᵗʰᵉ ᵃᵛᵉʳᵃᵍᵉ ᶦⁿᶜʳᵉᵃˢᵉ. ᴰᵃᵗᵃ ᵒⁿ ᶠᶦˡᵉ ᵃᵗ ᴬˡᶦᵍⁿ ᵀᵉᶜʰⁿᵒˡᵒᵍʸ, ᵃˢ ᵒᶠ ᴺᵒᵛᵉᵐᵇᵉʳ ¹⁵, ²⁰¹⁹.